Abstract

Capacity and energy efficiency are crucial for next-generation wireless networks. Due to the dense deployment of base stations (BSs) in a heterogeneous network (HetNets), the consumption is from 60% to 80% of the total energy causing accentuated costs. Therefore, industry and researchers work to reduce the energy consumption of HetNets. The power optimization problem in the network is taken care of by the proposed reward function in a distributed network. To increase energy efficiency, guaranteeing the QoS requirements, this paper proposes the use of a firefly optimization algorithm with BS shutdown. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms have better energy efficiency performance than the maximum power-based user association mechanism.