Abstract

In recent years, the size of receivers and transmitters has decreased in size (mobile phones, laptops, and satellites) and others, making researchers work to reduce the antenna size to fit the size of these devices. In this paper, two antennas were designed to operate on one of the fifth generation’s frequencies, a frequency of (28 GHz). The antenna dimensions were modelled using the CST simulation software, and the results were obtained, compared with the antenna, which will be mentioned here. Several methods related to shrinking antennas have been reviewed, Among the methods chosen to participate in reducing the size of the antenna are changing the size and shape of the aperture, changing the thickness and type of the substrate. the methods examined help to improve antenna properties such as gain, directivity, and efficiency. In antenna number one, a substrate with a higher permittivity than that of the chosen antenna was used for comparison., and a U-shaped slot was created in the copper layer. as the Gain, Directivity and Efficiency of 5.227, 6.020 and 85.82 were achieved, respectively. As for antenna number two, a square-shaped opening was made, and a substrate was chosen with the same permittivity and thickness less than the antenna to be compared with. In addition, the antenna number two gave good results at thickness of 0.127, and satisfactory results with a thickness of 0.873. With a thickness of 0.127 the gain, Directivity and Efficiency of 5.975, 5.997 and 99.63% were achieved, respectively, while the results of a thickness of 0.837 Gain, Directivity and Efficiency were 1.77, 3.55 and 48.08%, respectively. A slot antenna was selected for comparison, which operated at the frequency (of 28 GHz), has a length of 7 mm, a width of 12 mm, and a height of 0.203 mm. A material Rogers RT/Duroid 4003 was used as the antenna substrate, with er = 3.55. The antenna number one, compared to the antenna above, has a length of 8 mm, a width of 8 mm, and a thickness of 0.127. In addition, the antenna was fed by microstrip technology, A material FR-4 was used as the antenna substrate, with permittivity er = 4.3. The antenna number two bore the exact same dimensions as the first one, however, the substrate has been changed to be Roger’s RT6035HTC material with permittivity er = 3.60. From the above, it is clear that the antenna size has been reduced by more than 45% at the first and second antennae.

Authors

Ayyada KhalIfa Mahmoud Faraj, Goh Chin Hock
Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia

Keywords

Circularly Polarized, Slot Antenna, 5G, Antenna Size Reduction, Bandwidth